The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and Politicians :: Essays Papers

The Hi-Tech Lynching of Celebrities and PoliticiansLynching, which occurred most frequently in the southern states, resulted in the hanging, mutilation, and death of many blacks at the hands of a powerful white ruling class. While lynchings of this type have not occurred as frequently as in previous decades, it has morphed into a new form, a form that is arguably just as devastating. Instead of unjustly prosecuting blacks, this new form of lynching targets celebrities and politicians and media to accomplish what is commonly referred to as advanced lynching. The job of the media is to relay information to a general public.However, bias towards particular persons and issues as well as the desire to garner the most viewers, oft results in deceit and mis agency. Over time, the medias initial purpose and goal, to inform the masses, has been lost. In its place, a technology-based lynch mob has emerged, with the lives of celebrities and politicians at its mercy. An alleged late twen tieth-century disaster of high-tech lynching involved the case of politician, Clarence Thomas. Thomas, appointed to the Supreme Court by President George Bush in 1991, was at the center of media frenzy when legality professor, Anita Hill, accused Thomas of sexual harassment. It was Thomass word against Hill and though Thomas was confirmed as an associate Supreme Court justice, the perpetual implications of the scandal follow both him and Hill to this dayHi-tech lynching has even effected the King of Pop, Michael Jackson. The policemen of the electronic age have been involved in destroying the reputation of Jackson by playing video clips and interviews that mock his personal lifestyle (Koppersmith 1). Various networks feed on ratings, instead of the valued notions of morality. Michael Jacksons case has become the example of guilty until proven innocent, even though we, as American citizens claim to value due process and equal representation under the law.Black Panther party mem ber, Assata Shakur, is another instructive example of high-tech lynching. In 1973 police arrested Shakur, born JoAnne Chesimard, as an accomplice to the murder of a white state trooper. In her book, Assata An Autobiography, Shakur chronicles the way she was lynched by the media before the murder trial had even begun Evelyn had brought some newspaper clippings and it was obvious the press was trying to squeeze me, to make me seem like a monster.

Jack The Ripper Essay -- Papers

Jack The Ripper 1. From looking at the newspaper article on source A, I discharge determine the following information regarding the mar of Polly Nichols. Firstly, I can ascertain that it was the second of the Whitechapel murders. I can draw this conclusion from the first few words the two murders which cast off so shock London. The second point we can learn from this article is that the killer had no app bent motive for the killings, supposedly because gold wasnt missing from his victims no adequate motive in the shape of plunder can be traced. Also, the article tells us that the victims have been the poorest of the poor Even though these pieces of information are product of the media, they appear to be true, as there would be no need for the newspaper to sensationalise such facts. The source also suggests the killer is a demented being, referable to the extraordinary violence exhibited in each of his murders. Finally, the source makes telephone extension to the excess of effort used by the killer 2. The report of Dr. Frederick Blackwell on the body of Elizabeth Stride supports the coroners report on source B when it states that in the neck, there was a long tool which commenced on the left side, two and a half inches below the jaw, cutting the windpipe completely in two. This mark supports source B which states there are no meaningless cuts and that the injuries have been made by someone with consider equal anatomical skill obviously because the killer knew where to reach the windpipe. The pull in also supports source A where it negotiation about the extraordinary violence. However, source C contradicts source A when ... ... that a disgruntled customer of one of the local Jewish craftsmens shops may have just create verbally this graffiti to express his anger. The only thing linking this graffiti to the Eddowes murder was a tiny piece of Eddowess apron make nearby. Source A mentions the victims being the poorest of the poor. This is important, as maybe the police werent worried as much about the poor people. Also this suggests that the killings may have been in hard to reach places for the police. Source B mentions the anatomical skill and subsistledge required to carry out such murders. Maybe such a man could also have enough knowledge to be able to out wit the police. Source F, the leaflet is another reminder of the police effort to stop the Ripper getting away, precisely it could also have let the Ripper know of the police involvement too much. Jack The Ripper Essay -- Papers Jack The Ripper 1. From looking at the newspaper article on source A, I can determine the following information regarding the murder of Polly Nichols. Firstly, I can ascertain that it was the second of the Whitechapel murders. I can draw this conclusion from the first few words the two murders which have so startled London. The second point we can learn from this article is that the killer had no apparent motive for the killings, supposedly because money wasnt missing from his victims no adequate motive in the shape of plunder can be traced. Also, the article tells us that the victims have been the poorest of the poor Even though these pieces of information are product of the media, they appear to be true, as there would be no need for the newspaper to sensationalise such facts. The source also suggests the killer is a demented being, due to the extraordinary violence exhibited in each of his murders. Finally, the source makes reference to the excess of effort used by the killer 2. The report of Dr. Frederick Blackwell on the body of Elizabeth Stride supports the coroners report on source B when it states that in the neck, there was a long incision which commenced on the left side, two and a half inches below the jaw, cutting the windpipe completely in two. This account supports source B which s tates there are no meaningless cuts and that the injuries have been made by someone with considerable anatomical skill obviously because the killer knew where to reach the windpipe. The extract also supports source A where it talks about the extraordinary violence. However, source C contradicts source A when ... ... that a disgruntled customer of one of the local Jewish craftsmens shops may have just written this graffiti to express his anger. The only thing linking this graffiti to the Eddowes murder was a tiny piece of Eddowess apron found nearby. Source A mentions the victims being the poorest of the poor. This is important, as maybe the police werent worried as much about the poor people. Also this suggests that the killings may have been in hard to reach places for the police. Source B mentions the anatomical skill and knowledge required to carry out such murders. Maybe such a man could also have enough knowledge to be able to out wit the police. Source F, the leaflet is another reminder of the police effort to stop the Ripper getting away, but it could also have let the Ripper know of the police involvement too much.

Methods and Effects of Prenatal Genetic Testing Essay -- Science Biolo

Methods and Effects of Prenatal hereditary TestingI. IntroductionPrenatal genetic testing has become one of the largest and most influencial advances in clinical genetic science today. Of the over 4000 genetic traits which have been distinguished to date, more than 300 are identifiable via prenatal genetic testing (Morris, 1993). Every year, thousands of couples are subjecting their lives to the results of prenatal tests. For some, the training may be a sigh of relief, for others a tear of terror. The psychological effects following a prenatal test can be devastating, go away the woman with a decision which will affect the rest of her life.For couples with previous knowledge of genetic disorders in their family and concerned parents, prenatal genetic testing is trigger of the regular pregnancy checkup. Making an appointment with a genetic counselor may seem strange or even frightening for some, still others expectation it a very common step being taken by umpteen Americans toda y. The desire to have a normal child is held by every parent and only now are we beginning to have the ability to select for that child. In preparation to receiving genetic testing, the parents are required to meet with a genetic counselor. A detailed description of the testing methods are reviewed with the couple as well as the risks which are involved with each. Upon an understanding of the procedures, the counselor discusses the many possible outcomes which could be the result of the diagnosis. Finally, before any tests are performed, anxieties from either of the parents are addressed as well as the psychological well-being of the parents.II. Methods of Genetic TestingProcedures performed today are designed to evaluate the probability that a fet... ...s. Clarke, A. (1994). Genetic counseling Practice and principles. London Routledge.Fackelmann, K. (1994). DNA dilemmas Readers and experts weigh in on biomedical ethics. Science News, 146, 408-499. Mennuti, M. T. (1989). Prenatal d iagnosis-Advances bring new challenges. The New England Journal of Medicine, 320, 661-663.Morris, D. T. (1993). Cost containment and reproductive autonomy Prenatal genetic screening and the American health security act of 1993. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 20, 295-316. Spielman, B. (1995). Review of Women and prenatal testing. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 23, 199-201. Rothenberg, K. and Thomson, E. (1994). Women and prenatal testing. Columbus Ohio State University Press. Watson, J. D., Gilman, M., Witkowski, J., Zoller, M. (1992). Recombinant DNA. New York W. H. Freeman and Company.

JIT Manufacturing and Inventory Control System Essay examples -- Busin

JIT Manufacturing and Inventory Control SystemSince the dawn of human existence evolution in all sectors of society has occurred overdue to Economic factors. This has mainly happened due to the fact that all technological achievements have occurred in favor of money. Specifically we can admit that Economy is the main intellectual for growth and development. By these means it is in our interest to establish strong economies either as societies (macroeconomics) or as individuals (microeconomics). For these reasons several techniques and methods have been initiated in put help modern individuals to develop. Such techniques are usually Accounting or Managerial in their nature. However one of the most important technique is twain an Accounting and a Managerial technique and is called The just in time method. Just in time manufacturing was an inventory control approach that was authentic by Taiichi Ohno at Toyota Motor Company of Japan. Specifically it requires that the exact quantity of defect-free raw materials, parts and subassemblies are produced just in time for the next give of the manufacturing stage (Ivancevich-Lorenzi-Skinner, p 427). That actually means an inventory is never large and by this way cost is being reduced due to the fact that there are no losses of materials due to ba...

Pat Buchanan Speaks Out :: essays research papers

Thursday night the Phillips Center for Performing Arts hosted a very special guest appearance by the Reforms party presidential candidate Pat Buchanan. In the year of presidential elections the two popular candidates George Bush and Al Gore really dont lash come to the fore on each other, which makes this years debates boring and long. Pat Buchanan is refreshing to the sense he doesnt care what he says about the other candidates. Pat Buchanans history includes serving as an assistant to Richard Nixon, and also to Ronald Regan. An accomplished journalist in his younger career, Pat Buchanan wrote savoir-fairees for the Reykjavik summit with Mikhail Gorbachev, and Richard Nixons popular speech to the opening of China in 1972.A solid Republican through many years in the White House Pat Buchanan saw a growing problem and decided to do something about it. Buchanan says, The other parties do not realize the problems in the States, we are loosing our country and what we stand for. Bucha nan wasted no time on stage knocking both Gore and Bush, because they are failing to talk about real problems in the United States. These guys stand up here and are scared to death to step on each other toes and tell the Gods honest truth. Buchanan feels that he left the Republican Party because they will not fight for American rights.Buchanan really focused his ideas with building America back to the nation our founding fathers wanted. He pointed out the problem with Americas heritage taking Washingtons day and changing it to Presidents day. Buchanan explained, When did we stop celebrating our first President of United States, and start celebrating Presidents such as Bill Clinton. He also argued the problem of changing Christmas break to Winter break, and Easter break into Spring break. Whats more surprising is his views on why America is changing and what he will do to change America back to the land of liberty. Buchanan blames the change in United to States to the problem with i mmigration. With also much immigration we are loosing communication with each other, we should teach all newborn immigrants slope and emphasize American history first and foremost. Buchanan feels that, English is what as Americans brings us together, so everyone who lives in America should know English. Buchanan also offered a strict policy on immigration on his new plan.Under Buchanans new plan he will cut foreign aid and also pull troops out of Europe and the heart and soul East.

The Life-Threatening Experience :: essays research papers

I was a freshman in high school and invited to the biggest troupe an underclassman could attend. I had no reason to think that attending this party would put me in a life-threatening situation. I thought the party would be exciting and fun. Instead, it turned into a night that ends so tragically.One Friday night some friends and I decided to attend our high schools football game. Upon arriving, the stadium was already c everyplaceed with overjoyed, and exciting fans. During the game, there was excited chattering about the party. Every peerless was lecture about going. Finally, the game was in the last seconds of the fourth quarter,a nd oru team was winning. The crowd was all fired up. When the game endend, everyone stampeded to theri cars and headed to the party leaving the once modify stadium deserted.When we finally arrived to the party, I could feel my body trembling with excitement and nervousness. It was a couple minutes after 10 pm and the party was already jumping off. We hn entering the main room, you could see people dancing, clowning, and just having a good time. Althought the room wasnt that big, I begin to dance and enjoy myself as well. wholly of a sudden a fight broke out. You would have thought someone screamed free food the way everyone was running. People were falling all over the place trying to avoid the fight, but no one would break it up. When the fight was brought to a halt, everyone was ordered to leave. Everyone was stumbling trying to get out the house and to their cars, until one of the guys fighting decided the the issues wasnt resolved. He pushed his way back into the house, pulled out a gun and begins shooting. I was so close that I could hear the bullets flying by my ears, and I could see the sparks from the gun. I couldnt move it was like someone turned my knees into the off position. Suddenly, I was pulled to the floor for protection. The shooting finally stopped. Everyone raced to their cars as if they were in a marathon. Ou t of nowhere, a low-pitched scream was heared. Two of my friends were found bleeding due to bullet wounds to the head.

BADM 3601 †Operations Management Assignmen

Caroline Walsh BADM 3601 Operations Management Assignment 4? referable Monday November 12th ? 500 PM (a) A study? aid desk manned by a graduate student has been established to answer students questions and help in working problems in your OM course. The desk is staffed eight hours per day. The dean wants to know how the facility is working. Statistics show that students arrive at a rate of four per hour, and the dispersion is approximately Poisson. Assistance meter reasonables 10 minutes, distributed exponentially. Assume population and line length can be infinite and queue discipline is FCFS.Using this information, answer the pursuit questions. i. Calculate the percent of utilization of the graduate student P= 4/6 = 2/3 = . 6667 percent utilization ii. Determine the amount exit of students in the system ?= 4 per hour ?= 6 students helped an hour Ls= 4/ 6-4 = 4/2 = 2 students in the system on average. iii. Calculate the average time in the system Ws= 1/ 6-4 = ? = . 5 hours average time in the system iv. Find out the probability of four or more than students being in line or being served P0= 1 4/6 = 1- 2/3 = . 33 probability that there atomic number 18 4 or more students being in line or being served. . Before a test, the arrival of students increases to five per hour on the average. ?Compute the average number of students waiting under this scenario. Lq= 42 / 6 (6-4) = 16/ 12= 1. 33 student waiting in line on average. (b) What are the three characteristics of a waiting? line system? 1. Arrivals or inputs to the system these have characteristics such as population size, behavior, and a statistical distribution. 2. Queue discipline, or the waiting line itself characteristics of the queue include whether is it limited or unlimited in length and the discipline of people or items in it. . The service facility its characteristics include its design and the statistical distribution of service times. Question 2. Radovilskys Department Store in Haywood, Ca lifornia, maintains a successful catalog sales incision in which a clerk poses orders by telephone. If the clerk is occupied on one line, incoming phone calls to the catalog department are answered automatically by a recording machine and asked to wait.As soon as the clerk is free, the party who has waited the longest is transferred and serviced first. Calls come in at a rate of about 12 per hour. The clerk can take an order in an average of 4 minutes. Calls tend to follow a Poisson distribution, and service times tend to be exponential. The approach of the clerk is $10 per hour, but because of lost goodwill and sales, Radovilskys loses about $25 per hour of customer time spent waiting for the clerk to take an order. ?= 12 ? = 15 (a) What is the average time that catalog customers must wait before their calls are transferred to the order clerk?Wq= 12/ 15 (15-12) = . 2667 average time to wait before transferred (b) What is the average number of callers waiting to note an order? Lq = 122 / 15 (15- 12) = 3. 2 average number of callers waiting to place an order (c) Radovilskys is considering adding a second clerk to take calls. The stores cost would be the same $10 per hour. Should it hire another clerk? Explain your decision. Yes they should hire another clerk because the customer average wait time and average number of callers waiting to place an order indicate that a second representative is needed.

Womens Rights in the Workplace

Brittany Dorris Mr. Dean Ford Eng. 101 04 October 2010 A Wife, a Mom, and a Worker Wo custody fought very great(p) for their rights in the oeuvre. more or less of them, including Susan B Anthony, went above and beyond the norm. Yet, today our rights ar quieten non the same as a mans. At one point women werent yielded to lap up at all, and today they ar allowed to encounter business lines spot unperturbed being home obtainrs. Although improvements have been made, in that respect are still several dilemmas that need to be addressed. A women gather ins little than a man when doing the same work, and that is extremely unfair.Another ply in the workplace is that men underestimate women cod to lack of strength and discrimination. There are similarly the issues of pregnancy and sexual harassment. Due to financial aspects, discrimination, and issues solely found on gender, women are not set equally in the workplace. A young adult fe staminate will pay the same tuition as a young male throughout teach, yet in the workplace she will earn slight money. A woman only earns 77 cents on the sawhorse of what a man earns (Talk). The average 25 year old woman working full time until age 65 will earn $523,000 less than the average working man (Rodriguez).It is un beneficial that a female pays the same for an education in order to get a business concern, but a male at the same job will earn more money. African American women earn 72 cents to the dollar of a white male and Latino females earn 60 cents (Williams). If a woman is required to pay the same bills as a man, then wherefore does she earn less for doing the same job? If a man has an electricity bill for $100 and earns 10 dollars per hour, he only has to work ten hours in order to pay the electricity bill. When a woman has a $100 electric bill and works the same job as the aforementioned male, she would have to work more than 10 hours.Women arent required to work at a slower pace than men and are required to pay the same for bills and schooling, so it is not fair for them to make less money. Women are often discriminated against and belittled in the workplace due to situationors that are not logical. It is frequently claimed that woman should have to fit in to a masculine culture, but there is little systematic evidence on this (Faulkner 2). Women are too often discriminated against and underestimated when it comes to careers. An example of women being underestimated while at work is in the military.Though the percentage of women in the U. S military has increased dramatically since 1980, which is when they were first allowed to serve, women are less likely to go into combat. Although there are no laws that prohibit women from going into combat, there are laws that prohibit women from going into permanent assignments such as ships and aircrafts, according to a study conducted by the Womens Research and Education Institute. Most of these restrictions are for the Marine Corp s, Navy and Air Force. There are also policies that restrict womens roles in the Army.Though there are some restrictions on womens roles in the military, the Coast Guard and Department of Transportation give women opportunities. As a matter of fact, the proportion of jobs available to women in the Coast Guard and Department of Transportation is 100 percent compared to other services in the military, according to the study. (Rodriguez) There is no logical reason why a female should not be allowed to work permanently on jobs and assignments such as ships and aircrafts. Females are completely capable of using exalted intellect, doing hard labor, and running equipment.It is very wrong of men to treat women so poorly in the workplace due to stereotypes. Another example of female discrimination in the workplace that I know about from personal experiences is my mothers career. My mother works in construction and does finish work on houses. She is treated very poorly by her male coworkers because they do not agree with her working a job that they see as a mans job. regardless of their asinine opinions, she is usually the first one done with her assignments and considered by her bosses to be one of the hardest workers in the company.Sadly, she is still paid less than the men at her job. If she is in truth one of the best employees then she should be given a raise instead of being awarded less cash. It is illegal to not hire someone ground on their race, yet it is legal to pay a woman less due to her sex. It should be clear to everyone that women are treated poorly and unfairly in the workplace everyday. Another stereotypical belief is that women arent as intelligent as men. If this were true, then the female generations of our past would not have come as far as they have today in the workplace.There are women involved in politics, the medical field, and education. If men were truly more intelligent, then women would not be capable of being successful in those palm . Linda Tapp, president of Crown Safety in Cherry Hill, and a very successful female, states that gender discrimination is still live and well. No matter how much we like to think things have changed, there are more than a few people out there who think a woman can still not do the same jobs a man can do(Eglash). In my own experience, I have learned that female teachers and doctors do an equally good job as males in those fields.A woman is fully capable of doing a job that requires high intellect, just as a man is. I believe that it is ridiculous and unjustified for a man to treat a woman at work poorly because he believes that men are more intelligent. While for the most part women and men are the same, there are biological differences that should be taken into account. One of the briny differences is the fact that females can become pregnant. Instead of treating women better in the workplace and respecting them for trying to keep a job while pregnant, men tend to treat them poorl y.In 1964, the Title VII was amended by the Pregnancy discrimination Act it was put into action in order to eliminate the issue of pregnancy affecting a females career (Kazlowski 27). Although it is illegal to dismiss a woman from her career due to her becoming pregnant, there are still cases where it happens. Not only are women required to do the same work as a man for less pay, but they are also expected to be good mothers and attentive wives. I believe that a woman should be paid more than a man due to the fact that they tend to have more to balance in their daily lives.A female teacher who is pregnant gets less sleep than a male teacher,. and the female still has to show up at work bright and early. Women are not cut enough slack while pregnant and still earn less than a man. Have a guy carry 30 extra pounds on his stomach and see if he can still do his job. Some people say that women have unfair advantages when it comes to acquiring jobs and that makes it acceptable for them to be paid less. I agree that in some circumstances women are unrightfully rewarded jobs due to being attractive females but that does not justify them being paid less.I personally believe that I was given my job due to the fact that I am a young female, but I still work as hard as my male coworkers in order to try and earn respect and get equal pay. Although this is not always a bad aspect for females, it still places them in an unequally category next to men. One of the main issues that are present in the workplace for females is sexual harassment. Women are constantly being disrespected based on sex, including at the workplace. If that is not poor treatment, then I dont know what is.Despite common assumptions, new research suggest that women are not more likely to be sexually harassed when they are the minority or majority in a work base. Instead, researchers found that in most cases, women were sexually harassed at work when their work group had a similar proportion of males and females. (McGuire) This says that when a woman is given an equal opportunity to work somewhere, she is more likely to be sexually harassed while at work, and that leaves her in an unfair predicament. Sexual harassment is a crime and can make someone feel degraded and disrespected.Some women only have jobs because they allow their bosses and coworkers to sexually harass them, and I know this because I am one of them. My own male coworkers say they wish they could keep a job just by being attractive. They do not understand that it affects someones confidence when they know the only reason they have a job is solely based on looks. A female senator was once called a prostitute and attractive (Thompson). This is one of the many examples of verbal harassment that women all over the world face everyday in the workplace.Physical harassment such as groping also exist for females at work. While most harassment isnt done maliciously, most women would much rather have their job because they de serve it and not because they are female. Women should be treated equally as a whole, not just where it gives them an advantage, such as attaining the job in the first place. Women are treated unequally and unfairly throughout the world. Some of the situations work in a womans favor while others give them a large disadvantage. There are females who dont work hard, and get to keep their jobs based solely on attractiveness.Then we have women who work hard and still get paid less than a man. If that is the case, then a womans bills and school tuition should also be 77 cents to the dollar, or they should not be required to work as hard for their money. Lets not entrust to mention that there are still jobs that women have difficulty or are not capable of acquiring, such as manual labor jobs or technical jobs. If we can have female body builders who are stronger than most men, then we should be able to have females working in all fields of the army.Sexism and unfairness in the workplace is a big issue that shouldnt be shortend. Maybe the reason it is so often ignored is because it stirs up nonstarter and embarrassment for the American government, since they fought against it for 30 years (Rodriguez). As a country, we should fight to end the fact that women are treated unequally in the workplace, rather than ignore it. All women should earn the same wages as men and be given the same job opportunities. Also they should not be stereotyped or discriminated against while in the workplace.

What Is Hypnosis

What Is Hypnosis? Describe the psycho logical and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of balance in Hypnotherapy. Before we can begin to discuss anything about hypnotherapy, it is important to discuss what hypnosis actually is. This essay aims to arrive at a explanation of hypnosis by describing the psychological and physical aspects and looking at it drug ab occasion by hypnotherapists and the role of unwindation within this. The history of hypnosis dates ass to the times of ancient Egypt and it has been quite a contentious history.From Mesmer to de Puysegur in the 1700s from the first put on of the term hypnosis by Braid in 1840 to its use as an anaesthetic in performance by Esdaile and Elliotson from the work of Erikson (widely regarded to be the grandfather of new(a) hypnosis) to the afford day, the debate continues and theorists argon divided as to the true genius of hypnosis. These differences of opinion stem from exhaustingies in actually measuring hy pnosis. Hypnosis is a progenyive pick up and, as such, no two mortals who to a lower placego the process allow for reach exactly the alike(p) experience.Often requiring the use of psychological measures, it is, in that respectfore, much difficult to measure reliably in comparison to physiological matters such as heart compute and blood pressure although, technical advances in the use of EEGs (electroencephalograms) and neuroimaging have been very useful. Hence, the nature of hypnosis has enormous been the subject of contentious debate between those who seek scientific experimental explanations of its various psychological and physical aspects and those hypnotherapists who seek to use it as a tool with which to help nation.Even today, theorists ar divided into two camps State theorists who believe that the work out of hypnosis brings about an fudgeed evince of brain and non-state theorists who believe that the soporific state or trance is little different from eve ryday relaxation and that its readys are merely reactions to suggestions which would have occurred without the use of mesmeric induction, e. g. Spanos (1982). However, for the purpose of this essay, I allow assume that the state theorists are correct and assert that hypnosis is an altered state of deemer which occurs through the use of a set of techniques by the hypnotist.It can enhance a psyches concentration and responsiveness to suggestion in holy order to enable them to make desired and beneficial changes to their behaviours, thumbings, thoughts and physiological state, thereby enhancing their lives. There are a number of complex psychological aspects knotted in hypnosis. In 1951, Solomon Asch carried out a study of conformity whereby subjects were told that they were taking part in a study of visual perception with 6 other people. In fact, however unrivalled person in each group was the true subject of Aschs experiment as the other 6 were aware of the true nature o f the study.Each participant in turn (the subject being last) was asked to say which line from a set of three was the same length as the line on the target card. The suffices were obvious, but on hearing all the other participants give incorrect answers, in one out of three trials they gave the same incorrect answers. In the control group where the subjects were asked to write their answers in private, incorrect responses were rare. This experiment has been difficult to replicate more recently as modern culture has changed the way that people conform.The work of Milgram in 1963 showed that ordinary people (65% of subjects) were willing to follow the instructions of an authority figure even if this involved apparently causing harm to others i. e, cloggy them with a shock of 450 volts for answering a question incorrectly. Such studies show that, as people, we persist to be more comfortable when we fit in, conform, or pursue with the instructions of those in authority. As nodes wo uld generally be considered to have just about level of rapport with their hypnotist it is reasonable to assume that almost responses to suggestion could be explained in these terms.For example, if a hypnotist suggests that a clients arm feels so light that it whitethorn float into the air, the client may raise their arm because they feel that this is what is expect and they would feel uncomfortable if they did not conform with the perceived expectation of the hypnotist. It is important to understand this innate need to conform, which we all have, in terms of the people with whom we will work and always endeavour to treat people with respect and professionalism. There is also a possibility that some aspect of role-play may be involved on the part of the client i. , they may behave in a way that they believe a hypnotised person should behave. The concept of attribution may also have a part to play i. e. does the subject attribute the experience they have had to having being hypnot ised or do they attribute their experience to having been late relaxed and engrossed in their internal image? Other psychological aspects involved in hypnosis are the use of selective attention whereby the subject concent invests on a limited range of usually internal stimuli such as feelings and imagery and imagination here the subject is often instructed by the hypnotist to hypothesize a scene. The above section describes the psychological aspects of hypnosis, so what are the physical aspects? As mentioned above, the use of electroencephalograms (EEG) and neuroimaging with hypnotised subjects have been able to draw differences in brain functioning in hypnotised people. Askerinsky & Kleitman (1953) were able to show that hypnotised subjects were not in fact a intermission as some ahead of time theories had suggested. Different levels of consciousness stimulate different levels of electrical activity within the brain.Beta Waves occur at a rate of 15 to 40 cycles per second and are present when our souls are act and focussed, perhaps in conversation or learning a new task. Alpha waves occur at a rate of 9 to 14 cycles per second and are present when we are engaged in some relaxed, creative or problem solving task and are accompanied by feelings of well-being. Alpha waves are not present when we are experiencing anger fear, high arousal levels or when we are in deep peace but are present during light trance/hypnotic state.During this state, relaxation of the body may occur breathing and pulse rate slow and an singular may appear to be day-dreaming as they direct their attention towards their imagination. Theta Waves occur at a rate of 4 to 8 cycles per second and are associated with our unconscious mind where our past experiences and memories are held. Freud was the first theorist to propose the presence of the unconscious mind. This is the area of our minds which deals with non-voluntary bodily functions, thus unloose up the rest of our minds for thi ngs which we actively need to think about.Theta waves may be present when we are day dreaming, carrying out automatic well learned tasks such as driving and when we dream. They are associated with calmness and feelings of serenity and are present in medium and deep hypnotic states. During moderate and deep hypnotic states a person may fall away awareness of their surroundings but gain an increased awareness of their internal functions (breathing/heart rate). Imagery becomes more intense and suggestions may be interpreted literally. Limbs may feel limp or stiff attention narrows further and there may be loss of environmental awareness.Delta Waves occur at a rate of 1 to 4 cycles per second. These are the slowest waves which are present when are in our deepest state of rest when no other waves are present. When these waves are present we are in a state of sleep and possibly very deep hypnosis such as the Esdaile State used by the surgeon of the same name in order to anaesthetise pati ents for surgery. In addition other physical aspects of hypnosis include, feeling warm or cold and tingling of the extremities. Subjects often feel sleepy and close their eyes and there can be a reduction in response to noise.Some people experience feeling strange or detached and dissociated from their body or surroundings and feelings of floating are common. These feelings vary from person to person and are dependent upon an individuals psychological predisposition and responses as describe above. No two people will have exactly the same response to hypnosis and each experience is subjective. As we go through the different levels of consciousness our brain wave activity changes in a smoothly organised manner. For example, when reposeful into sleep we go from Beta to Alpha, to Theta and finally Delta waves triumph.The reverse happens as we awake. The waves which predominate during hypnosis are Alpha and Theta and it is these waves which provide a route to our unconscious. Relaxa tion has an important role to play in Hypnotherapy. Jacobson (1929) was the first to note the helpfulness of consciously relaxing muscles to enable them to maintain a relaxed state and improve the health and wellbeing of his patients. Most hypnotic screeds include suggestions of relaxation which help the subject to physically relax to the degree that Alpha and Theta brain waves are produced.Suppressed memories may be brought to the surface when Theta waves are present and although this may be painful, it offers the client the opportunity to discuss and manoeuver any such issues with their hypnotherapist if they choose to do so. Such therapy can be helpful and aid healing if carried out with sensitivity. As a cautionary note, Mingay (1988) suggests that dissociated memories accessed under hypnosis may be at risk of contamination by fantasy or leading questions on the part of the hypnotherapist.Along with this deep, relaxation comes an increase in suggestibility, i. e. we tend to res pond to suggestions made by the hypnotherapist more readily than we would generally. Heap (1996) argues that suggestion and trance are crucial to any definition of hypnosis. Whilst in a deeply relaxed hypnotic state, the Hypnotherapist is able to make suggestions which can help the subject to change their behaviours, feelings or thought patterns in a beneficial way. For example, if a client wishes to collar smoking, the hypnotherapist might suggest that they at a time choose to be a non-smoker.In fact, there are a number of ways in which a Hypnotherapist can engage suggestion whilst a client is in a relaxed hypnotic state in order to produce beneficial effects. It can be used to produce anaesthesia in the body the use of hypnosis for surgery has been mentioned above but there is ample evidence that hypnotic suggestion can influence physiological responses governed by the autonomic nervous system. Grabowska (1971) found that subjects were able to alter the blood flow in their for earms via hypnotic suggestion and Olness et el (1989) found that children were able to alter their concentrations of salivary immunoglobulin A.The use of progressive Muscle Relaxation during hypnotic induction not only enables subjects to enter a hypnotic trance state and more readily accept beneficial suggestions but repeated use of PMR during Hypnotherapy can enable clients to be able to relax more readily in general and in situations where they may ordinarily become very stressed. Suggestions can be given which allow people to relax when needed as long as it is safe to do so and such techniques can be used to debase general anxiety and stress, help improve sleep patterns and reduce phobic fear reactions to such things as open speaking and flying.In conclusion, hypnosis is not of itself a therapy. It is a state of mind which can be induced and its use in hypnotherapy can be set forth as a complex psychological interaction between the hypnotherapist and their client(s) during w hich the hypnotherapist uses the hypnotic screed, which often includes an element of PMR, to enable the client to relax encouraging the presence of Alpha and Theta brain waves and access to the subconscious.In this state, the clients concentration and responsiveness to suggestions made by the hypnotherapist increases, thereby enabling them to make desired, beneficial changes to their behaviours, feelings and thoughts and thus, enhancing their lives. References Hadley, J. & Staudacher, C. 1996, Hypnosis for throw 3rd edn Canada, New Harbinger publications Heap, M. , & Dryden, W. , 1991, Hypnotherapy A Handbook, OU PressWhat is hypnosis?The earliest kn knowledge description of hypnosis dates back more than 6000 years ago to rites performed in Egyptian sleep temples. The Indus Vedas knowledge sacred book written around 1500 BC, mentions the use of hypnotic techniques and procedures in detail yet in 2012 we still find it difficult to answer the question what is hypnosis?. All sciences alike have descended from magic and superstition, but none have been so slow as hypnosis in shaking off the acquaintance of its origin. (Clark Hull, Hypnosis and suggestibility, 1984).The grandfather of hypnosism is regarded to be Franz Anton Mesmer who achieved some very dire cures. He was, however, prone to be a bit theatrical wearing long flowing robes and brandishing a wand to complete his wizard image. Treatments and cures were conducted in large arenas with many onlookers.The film Svengali, although pure fiction did a lot to discredit hypnosis for many years by portraying hypnotists as evil predators and also inspired the emerging stage hypnotists. Even today stage hypnotists continue to discredit hypnotism qualification it exhausting to be taken seriously as an emerging science. It is my view that the use of hypnotism for entertainment should be completely banned.Abuse allegations where hypnotism has been said to be a contributing factor still regularly appear in our news papers fueling the public perception that the only safe hypnosis is that which is performed in a public arena in front of millions of people for entertainment.My introduction would not be complete without mentioning the impact of the church. As a practicing Christian I find it difficult to understand how people practicing the same faith as me could believe that hypnotism could be believed to be evil. What i find more astounding is the fact that some people, educated people still think that today. Whilst hypnosis and its use in hypnotherapy seem merely to be the input by the hypnotist of ideas into the subconscious of a subject in a heightened state of suggestibility, I would contend that this art of psychic manipulation is in fact of demonic origin. Though these roots of hypnosis are now obscured by an undergrowth of scientific jargon, it remains a dangerous activity to anyone involved. (Dr A. D. Bambridge, Nucleus, 1987)There is no exact definition of what hypnosis is, mainly becau se no such definition can be agreed upon by all the experts. It has been described as the deliberate inducement or facilitation by one person in other(prenominal) person or a number of people of a trance state. A trance state is one in which a persons usual remembering of orientating himself in reality have faded, so that the boundaries between the external world and the inner world of thoughts, feelings, memories and imagination begin to dissolve. (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004).It has also been described as a state of mental relaxation and restricted awareness in which the subjects are usually engrossed in their inner experiences such as feelings and imagery, are less analytical and logical in their thinking, and have an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestions in an automatic and dissociated manner. (Windy Dryden, Hypnotherapy, a handbook, 1991). The clearest description being a state of mind brought about by the use of a set of techniques. It enhances an individual s concentration and increases their responsiveness to suggestion in order to make the beneficial changes that the individual may wish to make in their thought patterns, their behaviour or their physiological state. (Chrysalis, 2010)It is probably more useful to describe hypnosis than attempt to define it. Features of the hypnotic state include the followingAcceptance of imaginary phenomena in place of sensory experience, and detachment from the sensoriumSuspension of reality testing, suspension of everyday cognitive logic and secondary-process thinkingNarrowing of attention (a sort of mental tunnel vision) to the content of the focus of the hypnotic exercise suggested by the therapist or created by the subjects own imagination or memorysplitting of consciousness into separate channels that communicate in only one direction (i.e. The subjects normal consciousness, attitudes, reality testing and so on continue and are aware of the content of the hypnotised self, but the latter is unaw are of the former)A rather regressed or developmentally immature launch of mind (closely akin to some transference phenomena in analysis or analytic therapy)Commitment to a substitute reality described by the therapist or the patients own imagination and memory. (Hellmut Karle and Jennifer Boys, Hypnotherapy a practical handbook, 1987)The mind still remains unmeasurable and unquantifiable and therefore a definition of any science or therapy based on the mind will always remain something open to debate and discussion. The fact that the hypnotic experience is personal and each individual will experience something different simply complicates things further. There are a number of people, academics above all, who simply do not believe in the existence of mind. They think that this a naive belief held by the rest of us, and that the phenomena attributed to our minds are best explained otherwise. (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004). It seems the best that the experts can do is fairly agree as to the psychological and physiological phenomena experienced during hypnosis.Psychological phenomena often experienced during hypnosis could include hyper suggestibility (so important that it is often considered definitional of hypnosis), time distortion (when an hour may appear to pass in a minute), super learning and creativity, spontaneous age regression, hypermnesia and amnesia. (Robin Waterfield, Hidden Depths, 2004)Since the invention of the electroencephalogram in 1929 we have been able to measure the electrical activity of the brain. Scientists have determined that there are four main brain waves which vary in frequency.1. Beta waves (15 to 40 cycles per second). These are typical of a focused and engaged mind. These are found in abundance in our modern, busy life style.2. Alpha waves (9 to 14 cycles per second). These are typical of taking a rest afterwards an activity. They are present during times of creativity and problem solving but not during times of fear, anger, in a deep sleep or super aroused.3. Theta waves (4 to 8 cycles per second). These are present during sleeping and some meditative states.. These are associated with (amongst other things) medium to deep hypnosis. These waves are associated with our subconscious mind. You may be in the theta range when daydreaming or driving a car. It is where we engage with our intuition learning and creativity. It is where we have our best ideas. You may recall having moments such as these on a car journey or in the bath.4. Delta waves (1 to 4 cycles per second). These waves are produced at our slowest, deepest state of rest. There are never any other waves active. They are present during the deepest hypnosis and sleepless sleep. You can never reach 0 cycles per second as that is brain dead.These waves will dip and flow and at any one moment one will be predominant and the others will just be present as a trace and moving from one to another depending on the state of the individual. From wh at we know about the frequencies we can see that hypnosis occurs during important and theta waves and that these waves are associated with relaxation which we will discuss later.Although philosophers and mystics may have been reflecting on a subconscious mind for centuries our understanding of it only dates back to the time of Sigmund Freud. We know that it is responsible for the non-voluntary bodily functions that keep our bodies working from one day to the next unornamenteding our mind up to concentrate on the things of the day. Think about all those skills we learned within the first year or two of our lives moving limbs, making a noise, swallowing food, standing, walking etc etc. Imagine for one moment that all those skills had to be thought about each and every time we wanted to use them. Our day would be completely filled with just those things. We learn those skills and thus pass them to the subconscious mind to action them, leaving our conscious mind free to learn more a nd develop.So hypnosis is simply about assisting someone to reach the state where the predominant brain waves are the alpha and theta waves and so access their subconscious mind. As mentioned previously these waves are associated with relaxation which has, as our life styles have become more and more busy over time, become more and more difficult to achieve on ones own.Hypnosis and relaxation are not the same. Hypnosis uses relaxation techniques to relax the body and relaxation is an indication that a person has achieved a hypnotic state. The difference is that hypnosis aims to reach a special state of consciousness where selective attention and increased suggestibility are present. Hypnosis will then use this state to effect changes in a person through beneficial suggestionsA brief look at the physiology of muscles shows us that muscle units work on an all or nothing principle, meaning they are either contracting or relaxed and there are no other states. The problem is that due to the constant stress that modern living brings with it some muscles, in particular the shoulders and neck, are constantly in contraction.In 1929 Dr Edmond Jacobson discovered that most of his patients, all with unrelated problems, had tense muscles and that by relaxing these muscles he could reduce the severity of their symptoms. He also noticed that most patients were not aware of the tension they carried with them. He developed a technique called Progressive Muscle Relaxation (or PMR) which enabled the patients to relax their muscles and keep them relaxed and thereby improve their physical, mental and emotional state. Hypnosis uses an updated form of PMR to achieve the same results.We know that relaxation does not mean laying on a bed and it does not mean being asleep. We will all have experienced times when we have driven somewhere and cannot remember getting there. We certainly would not say we were asleep. Long distance runners will also experience the same phenomena and often c annot remember huge amounts of the run. As a long distance runner myself I am aware of the importance of relaxing whilst running and can bring my pulse rate back to normal within a mile or two of the start of a run. I having been practicing PMR techniques for years whilst running without knowing that it existedIn conclusion then it is still difficult to answer then question of what is hypnosis with a simple definition because in the past it has been so closely associated with theatrical entertainment or rejected by the church or wrapped in superstition, falsely portrayed as evil on film and used by some to abuse people that the scientific community never took it seriously as a science until recently. The fact that a number of academics deny the existence of the mind does not help matters either.We can begin to describe it in terms of the psychological and physiological phenomena experienced during hypnosis but not much more. We know that there is nothing mystical or magical about th e hypnotic state. Put simply it is assisting someone to reach the state where the predominant brain waves are the alpha and theta waves and so access their subconscious mind where selective attention and increased suggestibility are present and then use this state to effect changes in the person through beneficial suggestions. We know that to achieve this state we can make use of PMRAlbert Einstein said that we only use 10% of our brain. Maybe with hypnosis we are just beginning to push at a door that will lead us into the remaining 90%.History has given us glimpses of an amazing power that we dont yet understand. People undergoing major surgery with anaesthesia, curing debilitating physical conditions, amazing accounts of healing. What is hypnosis today? What could hypnosis be tomorrow?

Trademark

Trademarks and Commercial Identifiers Trademarks-? similarly known as commercial identifiers or marks-? can be words, phrases, logos, symbols, or images. Sometimes a trademark is made up of two or more of these. You can look at J just about whatsoever product and see one or more trademarks. A trademark is used to Identify a product a s being strange to the accompany that owns It, so therefore trademarks atomic number 18 extremely valuable to their owe nurse.A trademark can be identified with a company to indicate quality, flavor, scent, innovation, or any n member of ideas that a company wishes to express. Exclusive rights to a mark are partially established through commercial use, such as Entering the mark on state or county records Applying the mark to signs and promotional materials using the mark on letterhead, business cards, and Web sites Marks can also be registered with the united States Patent and Trademark Office (US OPT), which gives companies more leverage should a di spute arise over a mark.The mark will die a result during redeemer searches, discouraging others from trying to claim the mark as their own, and registration puts the burden of proof of originality on any Infringer. A company may hold hundreds of trademarks. Microsoft provides a Web page lasting Its many trademarked names for games, software, fonts, brands, etc. , along with information o n how to key out each name. Microsoft also provides a page titled General Microsoft Trademark Guidelines, that provides very specific Instructions on referencing Microsoft trademarks and logos in any miscellanea o f publication.Some trademarked names become so common in the language that they can become generic. This can be financially painful to a company because the word or phrase is no longer necessary rill associated with its creator. Some common name brands that have become generic Include Jacuzzi for hot tub Xerox for copiers Band-Aid for adhesive Astronaut for artificial grass Skilled i ntellectual property attorneys like those at GOSH Law Partners are helpful to co nannies at every stage in the trademark process.In the design phase, our attorneys perform thorough earaches for similar phrases or logos, preventing resources from being spent on an idea unlikely t o achieve registration. Once design is complete, GOSH Law Partners assists in the preparation an d filing of the registration application and behave with the SPOT to resolve objection and answer quo sections. After IF Trademarks Firsthand Lasted 1 1124/2009 600 PM registration is achieved, we monitor usage to assure the mark is kept in commercial u SE and is not being misused or in danger of becoming generic. GOSH Law Partners, with our deep knowledge and expertness in business and intellect al property law, understands the goals you want to achieve with your commercial identifiers and their value to your company. We will help you weigh the risks and benefits of various types of marks and modify you to ma ke decisions you can be confident will be good for your business for years to come If infringements or disputes arise, we handle all details from turn back and desist letters (which often end the case) through litigation. IF Trademarks Firsthand Lasted

Cost of College Essay

Flipping burgers at a fast food restaurant, stocking shelves in a grocery store, and working on a take line in a factory ar just a few of the many minimum- earnings paying jobs that so many people have in America. People in this country are settling for a high school diploma, minimum-wage paying jobs, and broken spirits. The cost of college is too high, and they cannot afford to further their instruction. savant loan debts are, for the first time in history, exceeding what Americans owe on credit cardsover $1 trillion (Sullivan, 2012, para. 1). For many, the rising cost of college whitethorn not be just a news headline, but a real life let down. The core of the problem tuition and fees at worldly concern universities have surged almost 130 percent over the last 20 years, while middle class incomes have idled. (Censky, 2011, p. 1)Endless CycleMany Americans are not being able to further their education because the cost is too high, which results in having to settle for a poorly p aying job. Then when they start a family, they do not have enough money to send their children to college. It really is an endless cycle of an ever-growing lower and middle class. The number of college graduates is becoming less either year because of the increasing rate of tuition, room and board, and fees. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find a job above minimum wage without a college diploma.Missing OutFor much of U.S. history, the rule to obtain a higher education was mainly an opportunity given only to the wealthy (College development Costs, 2004, p. 450). Countless brilliant and smart individuals live in the lower class of our society. It is not fair that they are not getting a chance at furthering their education just because their family cannot afford to send them. Available to certain students, of course, are student loans, grants, scholarships, and financial aid. Sadly, not everyone qualifies for scholarships or receives enough money to even crap a dent in the debt they will acquire pass to a university for four or to a greater extent years. Furthermore, a lot of people receive zero in ease at all in paying for their college education. Since college is becoming less affordable for low-income students, higher education is once again becoming dominated by the wealthy (College Tuition Costs, 2004, p. 452).Being Held Back Because of FundingBecause of the growing rate of tuition, room and board, and fees at universities, many seniors in high school are decision making where they attend college based on the cost. For many teenagers, the deciding factor of where they go to school is who gives them the biggest scholarship or which school costs less. Instead of going where they real want to go, and where they know they could get the best education, they have to settle for the school that meets their financial limitations (Cost of College Affecting Application and Acceptance Decisions, 2011, p. 1). People wanting to pursue a higher education should be able to totally devote themselves to their studies. Instead, with a perpetually plummeting economy, they have to worry about how to earn money (like get a job) to help pay for their education.This could be extra worry that students who are trying to focus on their studies should not have Scholarships are very unlikely to clear up the total cost and students who manage to obtain one successfully still have to work to earn their living. Earning enough money to pay for a college education is next to impossible with a part-time job, while working full-time leaves students with no time to study, which means that the money is actually wasted With the cost of college constantly increasing, many students that are already in college cannot finish because they do not have the funds. The thought of trying to start out a life in the real world with potentially over $50 thousand debt is extremely daunting. Many people view borrowing money as a burden, which holds th em venture from wanting to take out student loans to go to college.More College Graduates Could Help Boost the EconomyStudent loan debts are sure to be a hot topic in the upcoming 2012 presidential debate. Unless the government steps in to help pay for college education, more and more people are going to have to give up their dreams of a higher education. Individuals should not have to give up financial security just to earn a college degree. If more people are obtaining college degrees, that increases the number of people who are likely to have higher paying jobs. According to News Hour Extra Research shows that college graduates earn, on average, $20,000 a year more than those who only have a high school diploma. College graduates also tend to get higher quality jobs with benefits and have the chance to earn advanced degrees, which offer even greater earning potential. (Cost of College Affecting Application and Acceptance Decisions, 2011, p. 2)This fact could boost Americas econo my and really help the recession. Perhaps the job market will get better and it will be easier to recuperate after the thousands of dollars spent on ones degree. Or maybe the recession will end and funding for education will be restored. But as prices of virtually everything increase, that of a college education may track to increase as well. Unfortunately, for now it seems that students in the United States will have to wait for a solution unless they themselves try something drastic to alter this unfair system.

IDENTIFY THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Essay

IDENTIFY THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS WHICH MAY INDICATE THAT A CHILD OR YOUNG PERSON IS INJURED OR UNWELL. The child whitethorn complain to the teacher that they dont feel well or they feel tired, the childs appearance maybe they look tired, pale and worn out. Also the child may have a high temperature the child doesnt take part in any activities and the child keeps saying they call for their mum or dad. The child vomits, coughs for a long period of time, refuses food, they become clingy, refuse to play with other children, withdrawn from others, diarrhoea and changes in usual behaviour. If these signs and symptoms do occur this shows that the child is unwell or injured. If the child is in this state it would be best to send the child home so it does not actuate the other children. Also by doing this you would be giving the parent a chance to provide health check attention to the child which is what the child would need in this situation.IDENTIFY CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN CHILDREN OR YOUNG P EOPLE MAY NEED URGENT MEDICAL ATTENTION If the child is passing out, unconscious, chocking, temperature is above normal be temperature-showing they have a fever, the child is finding it difficult to breath, a wound that wont stop bleeding, a head injury with symptoms of concussion and if a child is having a fit. In some circumstances the child would have to be taken to the hospital with the parent if the child needs urgent medical attention, such as having a fit. These are all circumstances were child will need urgent medical attention.OUTLINE OWN ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EVENT OF A CHILD OR YOUNG PERSON REQUIRING URGENT MEDICAL ATTENTION If a child needs serious medical attention, you single out someone immediately and then do as you are told, that could be either staying with the child to comfort them or get a first embolden box or call the ambulance and call the childrens parents. If the child has care for that needs to be given to them at a certain time, you need the ir medicine to be prescribed by their doctor so that you are able to give them the medicine and the medicine needs to be kept refrigerated.

Cyber Attacks

The rising flagellum of terrorism has led to unprecedented levels of security at Indian airports, railway stations, hotels, ports etc. But the politics does not seem to see the bigger threat, which will not come from AK-47s, bombs and rifles. The next big beset will be come from terrorists in the cyber world. We live in a technologically interconnected world. well-nigh of us cannot imagine even a single day without our cell phones, net profit and ATMs. There is scantily any distinction between where our bodies end and technology becomes. Would it be surprising then, if terrorists choose to attack India via the internet?Let me shargon some facts about how real and damaging that threat can be If a terrorist group were to attack our stock market and financial infrastructure, it would cause widespread panic and losses to millions of passel and organizations. Imagine yourself running helplessly from one ATM to another, trying to withdraw money from your account, only to convalesc e that the attack has forced banks to suspend online transactions. Likewise, our telecom infrastructure. If it were flooded with malicious data, business and personal life would factory to a standstill.Terrorists could also tar dismay Indias top businesses, hacking into their systems, stealing valuable intellectual property, sensitive information and corporation secrets. Even military networks can be targeted. These scenarios are not from a Bollywood flick, but tangible threats that look large. In May 2007, Estonia a small but technologically sophisticated Baltic country beastly victim to a cyber attack. The unidentified terrorists bombarded the countrys network with data traffic, clogging it and rendering major services unusable. race were not able to access financial utilities, communications and data services for several hours and some, for days together. What pelf cyber terrorists from launching similar attacks in India? Very little because, despite being an infotech powe r, India lags on cyber security. Neither the government, nor the surreptitious sector is adequately prepared to face a cyber attack. We have the necessary laws in place, but they are futile in the absence of trained security experts and police officials to enforce them.Recently, I was at a conference in the Capital, attended by numerous Delhi Police officials. During the question-answer session, one police official asked me both this is fine Mr Ankit, but yeh internet ki structure kidhar hai? According to him, the internet was a huge building and, in order to protect it from cyber terrorists, the police had simply to stand all around it, holding rifles and lathis to involvement off viruses, worms and criminals If this is the state of affairs in the police department of the national capital, one cant even begin to imagine the way it is in other cities.The fact that few engineering colleges in India offer courses on cyber security is a major reason for the lack of cyber experts. The result is that when a private company website gets hacked, the misadventure is brushed under the carpet lest its brand image is tarnished. Worse, its considered normal for most Indian government websites to get hacked regularly. But the lack of trained professionals and a lax attitude are the least of Indias concerns. The internet has no boundaries and allows cyber terrorists to hide behind geographic, political and diplomatic clouds.It is easy for a criminal to hide behind proxy servers and bounce off systems in unfriendly countries to stop security agencies from tracing the culprits. The dynamic nature of cyber security, united with the obsolete techniques used by the Indian forces, means it is a losing battle for India. Lets not wait for a cyber 26/11 to happen. A willingness to make changes, a proactive approach with some nimble operation can fix the chinks in Indias cyber security and drastically improve our preparedness to fight a cyber war.

Culture and cultural differences Essay

want is an incentive, inducement, or motive, especially for an act (Morris 1970) There are many ways which influence the motivation levels of an heavy(p) person to do a particular task. One of the most important factors is Culture, which is an intrinsic part of a human being. The term culture is best understood when cross-cultural race join to due to whatsoever reason, to form a group. While interacting with such a group for motivation, the main idea is to create a sense of belonging.People, who find their niche place in a group, are much more fervent to perform tasks to the best of their abilities. The second most important idea for motivation is to create an environment to do work. The reasons for working vary for people from country to country In China the work motivation is moral obligation, while in Japan it is trust and in Western societies it is incentives. All these factors should be taken carry off while motivating a cross-cultural group for working.One should always remember that, in the conclusion all these people are doing the same for albeit for different reasons. What do you believe should be your primary bear on when trying to prompt across cultural boundaries? Remember to justify your response. People from various cultures take incentives in a different way. People belonging to Asian countries like Japan, lay more stress on the acknowledgement of the work done, than on any material perks they might be able to earn.In contrast, people from many of the service based western countries like US value of incentives, as something which is to be won. And in the long run there are some people who might be from poor countries like Vietnam, where the perks mean additional money, the more they work the more they earn. Making all these people motivated with an inspirational talk, no discipline how good the perks might be, is the most important factor of all.This is because, dissatisfied people might easily think on the lines of regional bias an d try to de-motivate other people. A balanced talk which is aimed to effectively motivate the set of people, by seemingly addressing to the individual cultural sects of the group, hence requires the maximum talent and guile on the part of the motivating person.ReferencesLaMonica L, The Relationship Between Culture and Learner Motivation and Implications for Training, 17th July 2001, http//www. geocities. com/llamonica/culture. hypertext mark-up language

Fast Food Nation Paper Essay

Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation is intimately the unfluctuating aliment industry and all its negative aspects and influences. Schlosser introduces Fast Food Nation with a description of the California orangeness groves of the past and the fast pabulum influenced urbanization that has replaced the groves. Schlosser concludes through a bold statement, The low price of a fast food hamburger does not reflect its real cost ? and should. The profits of the fast food chains have been made possible by losses imposed on the rest of society. Eric Schlosser is wild in his assumption that the price of a hamburger does not reflect its true cost.Its price represents the Statess gain from the blessing of fast food. The fast food revolution has aided in the fundament of umteen new technologies. Research sparked by pressure placed on the cattle industry has resulted in new methods of cattle raising. It has been found that grain fed cattle grow at a winged rate than free range cattle. A met hod of grain feeding has been engineered and perfect, and it has resulted in a big number of cattle to be raised and an increase in beef consumption. Increased consumption benefits twain the fast food chains and the beef suppliers.Fast food has also influenced advertising technology. McDonalds invented Ronald McDonald in order to attract children who would bring their parents and grandparents. Many industries have realized the potential in advertisements aimed at children, such(prenominal) as Camel Cigarettes and Marlboro Cigarettes, and beer companies that use slapstick humor to entertain children. The fast food industry employs a walloping portion of the teenage workforce. Teenagers are often willing to work for minimum wage since they are hooked on their parents.Teenagers do not need benefits therefore, they are perfect workers to work less than forty hours per week. jibe to Eric Schlosser the employment of teenagers results in their exploitation and abuse. Abuse and exploit ation are prevalent inside industry and extracurricular industry and if any angiotensin-converting enzyme searched for abuse in the workplace, he or she would find it in every business and industry. Schlosser writes about the effects of the big business fast food industry on the cattle and poultry industries.He states that the fast food industries control over the restaurant market has resulted in the ability to control the prices of midpoint. By driving down prices, the fast food industry eliminates the farmer rancher and forces poverty on the small farmer. I have had a personal experience that negates Schlossers entire argument. Over the course of the last year, my parents and I traveled to Maryland looking for a new home. All throughout the Maryland rural areas, mass have small-scale poultry farms. The small scale poultry raising is the result of one of the largest meat packing plants on the east coast being built in Maryland.The only effect fast food has on the small-scale fa rmer is positive. Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser is a one sided argument against fast food restaurants. When the benefits of the fast food industry, such as urbanization, which further aids in industrialization teenage employment and a large agricultural industry, are ignored, it is easy to see why Schlosser believes the price of a fast food hamburger doesnt reflect its cost. The low cost, in reality, represents the many benefits fast food has given America.

Pollution Effects and Counter Measures Essay

The impact of human activity on our environs give the sack non be denied. Many aspects of todays milieual problems atomic number 18 exclusively now coming to light as scientists explore the causes and set ups of human impact on the world around us. Todays propagation has seen both unwarranted skepticism and exaggeration on both sides of the debate on how close we be to an environmental catastrophe. Although, as Frederick Buell wrote, as of today our world has not ended eco-apocalypse hasnt happened. Yet spate today also accept the fact that they live in the shadow of environmental problems so unrelenting that they constitute a crisis (xii).While it is easier to understand the problems we face today by classifying human activity and its impressions into neatly defined, cause-and-effect relationships, it is important to realize that all(prenominal) of these causes and effects interact in a complex web to bring about an environmental crisis. That said, defilement is onenes s of the well-nigh widespread proves of human activity, encom modificationing a panoptic range of substances with pervasive effects.The effect of pollutants on our environment is one of the most widely publicized factors bring to its degradation. And deservedly so pollutants are diverse, and contamination takes many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) orchestrates, that the effect of unchecked befoulment is rapid, extensive, and much dramatic in its visual manifestations. Finally, in many exemplars befoulment defies geographical and political boundaries, making it an transnational concern, and meshling it lead require the involvement of citizens and organizations from all levels of ball club.Pollution involves the introduction of pollutants into the environment, and it is commonly organized into major(ip) categories air, territorial dominion, and body of piddle establish on which component of the environment is dissembleed. Other forms of pollution are classified bas ed on the constitution of the pollutant, and these include radiation therapy pollution, biological pollution, and noise pollution. Scientists charter developed many ship female genital organal of gauging the level of pollution, or of a specific pollutant within the environment, moreover when one considers the direct impact of pollution on human health, it is video that matters more than the concentration of pollutants.In the environmental pathway, exposure to a authorized(prenominal) concentration of a pollutant is what experiences the actual dose of the pollutant in the exposed case-by-case, and this is what leads to likely health consequences (Akbar et al., 62). In many cases, pollution is an occupational hazard, posing the greatest danger to people who suffer the most exposure as part of their daily lives.With many pollutants, however, the effects are indirect, not touching an individuals health, except impacting a societys re bases and economy in subtle slipway. Ev en with the enlarged environmental knowingness in advanced(a) society, it is surprising how many people still see nothing wrong merely because they are not directly affected by pollution. The purpose of this research is to give an overview of the different classes of pollution, how they affect society on different levels, and most of the measures that move help to preclude or reduce its spread.When one thinks of air pollution, perhaps the first image that comes to mind is that of a smog-filled skyline of a major city, by dint of which a hazy sun barely shines. However, exposure to the outdoor smog in a colly city is not the main source of pollutant dosage. Most of the actual human exposure to air pollution occurs indoors, simply because that is where most people spend most of their time (Akbar et al., 61). Just as the health chances of s oil colour water cigarette be minimized by treatment, the jeopardys posed by polluted air (namely, cardiovascular and respiratory disea se) can be lessened by using proper filters within homes and offices.While it is possible to keep the indoor air quality under control, improving atmospheric air quality will require a collective effort on a much bigger scale. Major sources of oecumenic pollutant emissions are industrial operations, power plants, road vehicles, forest fires, and the incineration of refuse. Vehicular emissions are not only hold to exhaust, but also include emissions from the wear of tires and brakes and the road come forth itself, which makes it difficult to come up with an accurate estimate of total vehicular emissions.Many of these sources of emissions are similarly difficult to quantify, but the boilers suit statistics show that air pollution trends are higher in developing countries, and above the national average in megacities (Akbar et al., 36). This reflects a general trend of better environmental awareness, and environment protection programs that digest been implement for a longer time in well-developed, industrialized countries. For some pollutants, much(prenominal) as sulfur dioxide a product of the combustion of fossil fuels the globular trend shows a decrease, but for other emissions there is no much(prenominal) evidence (Akbar et al., 49).Clearly, although industrialized countries like America bring in been consciously reducing some emissions for a longer time than other countries in the developing world, there is much that still call for to be go ine on an international level. Former United States Vice President Al Gore sums up the nature of the problem regarding the public mental attitudeOur continued dependence of imported oilis connected to the kindred pattern that leads us to put 70 million rafts of global warming pollution into the humanss atmosphere e very(prenominal) 24 hours around the world, as if it was an open sewer. And pretending that that doesnt have consequence, when theres signs to tell us it definitely doesthats really the essen ce of this problem. But because its so pervasive, in order to swap it, we really have to have a sea change in public opinion in this country and around the world before the politicians and the government leaders in every nation will have the courage to do what really is necessary. ( discourse with Al Gore, 2007)The second gear major category of pollution is soil pollution. The composition of soil is an important factor in an ecosystem, affecting what eccentrics of vegetation are able to take root and survive, and by extension, what species of animals will thrive in the area. change also retains water, and pollution of the soil often spreads to ground water tables. When soil is contaminated by pollutants normally in the form of heavy metals that disrupt the balance and composition of the soil it is often harder to detect, and difficult to determine the extent of the pollution. Such contamination typically results from direct deposition of pollutants into the soil.Landfills and waste heaps contain pollutants which piecemeal l severally into the soil, and some of the particles in polluted air fall to the ground, where water runoff and seepage can spread the pollutants and lodge them into the soil. Operations in the mining industry, when improperly managed, can cause long-term wrongfulness to the soil, and to the environment as a whole. Jared Diamond cites Montana as a case study of the wrongfulness that the mining industry can do to the environment, saying it has about 20,000 abandoned mines, some of them recent but many of them a century or more old, that will be leaking acid andtoxic metals fundamentally forever (36). In most cases, these mines have no surviving owners, or the owners are financially unavailing to reclaim their property and manage its wastes.The relationship between the soil and the rest of the environment is complex, and much remain to be understood before a standard set of indicators and benchmarks can be utilize to observe the qu ality of all soils. While these subtle relationships and interactions are being actively studied by scientists, lay management can be improved and better implemented to lessen the impact of activities such as agriculture and mining, by regulating waste disposal and promoting sustainable agricultural practises. As an example, many farmers utilisation plowing their fields close to the edge of rivers or streams, and letting their livestock graze at the edge.This practice actually contributes to the erosion of riverbanks and diffusion of agricultural wastes into water. Careful management of land and soil resources can prevent soil erosion, which in turn will lessen the deposition of silt in freshwater areas that whitethorn be important habitats or breeding sites for species like salmon. (Environment Agency). Public pressure is necessary for the government to pass laws that will enforce mining companies to take charge of cleaning up their mines the main responsibility lies with the A merican public, to be more active and vocal in protecting the environment (Diamond, 38).Waters properties as a solvent are familiar to everyone, thus it should not be surprising that water is especially vulnerable to contamination. The flow of bodies of water, as well as water runoff from precipitation, can disperse a high ledger of pollutants over the course of a social class. Waters cycle in the environment has unique implications for the spread of pollution, and the unlike pollutants and contaminants of water comprise the third major category of pollution. Bodies of water can be polluted by point sources, such as sewage treatment plants, or they whitethorn be polluted through diffusion.Diffuse pollution can come from misconnected drains in households, leaching of surface wastes into groundwater, or runoff of toxic substances that have been deposited on land. Inland precipitation (in the form of rain) creates water runoff, which drains into larger bodies of water, carrying with it some deposited pollutants from the atmosphere and many untreated wastes that have been improperly disposed of.Oil from roadways and motor vehicles, tautologic agricultural fertilizer, and assorted litter from the land, can be washed into rivers and out to sea, where the scale of dispersal makes it very difficult to treat the pollution. In fact, the volume of pollution deposited by water from runoff can come about that of an oil spill. In Puget Sound in the Pacific Northwest, for example, each year from 2000 to 2006 roughly 22,580 metric tons of oil and petroleum products are deposited by runoff, compared to less than 1,000 metric tons from direct oil spills (Dodge).The deadening of water quality leads to obvious consequences for human consumption. Freshwater with excessive levels of certain pollutants becomes unsafe to drink, and seawater can lose its ability to sustain biodiversity, negatively impacting the searching industry. Agricultural runoff contains nitrates and phosp hates, which are important nutrients for many organisms, but in excessive concentrations in bodies of water they lead to explosions in the population of certain microorganisms (a phenomenon sometimes known as algal blooms). This leads to an overall decrease in change state oxygen content in the water, which harms other species, mainly fish, by disrupting spawning and breeding patterns, and can lead to massive deaths in certain species when oxygen levels are depleted (Environment Agency).Thermal pollution of water can occur when a large volume of water is used for cooling purposes in processes that release large amounts of heat. Electrical stations use water for this purpose, and subsequently release it into the environment. This water is considerably warmer than the rest of the water in the environment, and brings a gibe rise in temperature to the entire body of water where it is released. This again reduces the capacity of water to hold dissolved oxygen, with the same effects de scribed above (Lourenco and Neves).With most point sources of water pollution under regulation, the biggest source of water pollution is diffusion. If the source of pollution cannot be pinpointed, the processes that create or contribute to diffuse pollution have to be more strictly managed. Since 2003, European legislation has created a Water Framework directive (WFD) to actively assess the standards of water usage with chemical, biological, and physical tests. The WFD monitors all bodies of water (including ground water militia and artificial reservoirs) with the ultimate goal of reducing water pollution in the United Kingdom and all EU member states by 2015. The United Kingdoms Environment Agency summarizes some of its recommendations diagnose policy issues, such as the control of diffuse water pollution, land-use planning, the patternation of heavily modified water bodies and the role of wetlands must be addressed by relevant authorities. Particular emphasis should be hardene d on the diverse sources of diffuse pollutionThese include discharges from agriculture and also from other land-uses such as urban developments, transport infrastructure and abandoned mineral workings. Those who manage the land may have to do things in a different way to ensure that they do not cause water pollution. (1) nearly forms of pollution are not classified by the sphere of the environment that they contaminate, but by their nature and properties. Our planet is constantly bathed in radiation originating from outer space, and there are trace amounts of radioactivity dislocated throughout the earths crust. These do not constitute hot pollution typically, this form of pollution originates from nuclear power processing, or from equipment used in nuclear medicine and radiography, although nuclear fallout from bombs and disasters, such as the 1986 Chernobyl incident, is perhaps the most striking example of nuclear pollution.In the case of Chernobyl, flawed design of the nuclear reactor, combined with personnel errors, led to an explosion which released around 5% of the reactors inwardness of radioactive material into the atmosphere. The wind carried fallout composed mainly of the radioisotopes iodine-131, cesium-134, and cesium 137, from the reactor across the cause Soviet Union. Among the most heavily affected countries were Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia.The radioactive pollutions immediate effect resulted in the death of 30 people, injury to over a hundred other individuals, and the immediate evacuation and resettlement of over 200,000 affected citizens. One of the most studied long term effects of the disaster is a significant increase in the number of cases of thyroid cancer among generations of exposed individuals, due to the accumulation of radioactive iodine-131 in the thyroid gland (International Atomic Energy Agency).It should be noted that Chernobyl was a rare nuclear disaster that is not representative of the more common forms of radiation pollu tion rather, it serves as an example of the electromotive force scale and duration of pollutions ill effects. Much more commonly encountered are the radiation-related risks in the aesculapian field, where exposure to X-rays and radiotherapy practices can lead to an increased risk of developing certain cancers among some groups of patients.However, for the most part, properly observed medical standards will ensure that the risk of developing cancer from medical radiation is low an estimated 0.05% per rem of radiation. The amount of exposure depends on the medical procedures involved, and although the increase in the risk of cancer induction is dainty (from zero to one percent), there is no threshold of radiation exposure below which it is absolutely risk-free. Thus, all procedures involving radiation exposure should be decided on the basis of risk versus benefit to the patient (Classic).Homo sapiens is the only species that has succeeded in domesticating other species, and with t he spread of human civilization, we have carried our pets (and pests) to new lands. Introduced species constitute a form of biological pollution when a non- ingrained species establishes itself in an ecosystem, displacing certain native species that play a vital role in that ecosystem, and possibly causing scotch damage, they are considered invasive. In ecology, the rule of tens states that one in every ten introduced species becomes invasive (Boudouresque and Verlaque, 1).The most significant direct consequence of biological invasion is the extinction of native species that are not adapted to compete with invaders. Such is the case with the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), a popular commercial fish species that was introduced to Lake Victoria in East Africa around the year 1962. The Nile perch disrupted the lakes ecosystem by predatory activity, feeding on many native fish species, and spreading parasites which it carries in its gills. An estimated 300 fish species native to Lake Vi ctoria were driven to extinction by the eighties (Blake).While the Nile perch and some other invasive species have at least had some borderline economic benefit (a boost to the commercial fishing industry and local employment), in many cases the effect of biological invasion has been a complete economic disaster. Australias plague of introduced European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has not only panicened native animals as the rabbits outcompete them for food and shelter the rabbits have threatened the ecosystem itself by decimating vegetation, causing the soil (arid and fragile over much of Australia) to erode.This in turn has greatly reduced the available land for sheep and cows grazing two of Australias major industries. Efforts to reduce rabbit populations have only increased the economic constitute of the rabbit invasion, as Australians have tried to use poison, traps, dynamite, and expensive biological control agents in the form of diseases such as myxomatosis and the c alicivirus (Diamond, 392).Managing an invasion is very difficult once the invasive species has become established. As noted by Oregon State University biologist John Chapman, Unlike other contaminants in the world, introduced species dont have a half- feel, they can spread from a single point source, and they have a potentially infinite life span (qtd. in Reiber). An introduced species becomes established when conditions in the new environment are favorable, and it has little to no competition, and natural predators are omiting.Too often, strategies devised to control populations of invasive species dorsumfire the myxomatosis disease used to exterminate rabbits in Australia did succeed in bringing down the rabbit population by 90%, but the survivors then developed a resistance to the disease (Diamond, 392). biological or chemical control agents used to eradicate invasive species often are detrimental to native species as well. In most cases, the safest way to remove invasive spec ies from the environment is manually, which can be highly labor intensive and needs to be organized at the local or residential area level.Increased sound levels in our environs can constitute a form of noise pollution. While some people would classify certain genres or styles of music as noise, the most common form of noise pollution comes from transportation and industrial activity. Extreme levels of noise pollution can lead to a deterioration and eventual impairment of the auditory function in humans and other organisms.Noise pollution also affects individuals in other ways that may be less easy to measure or quantify increasing levels of stress and annoyance, for example, or disruption of normal sleeping routines. States such as doctor have implemented some form noise control in Maryland, the Noise Control Program was passed into legislation in 1970, to provide expert assistance and enforcement regarding noise related issues across the state. It has been de-funded since Jul y 2005, as the duty of regulating noise-related issues has been passed down to local government. in that location are many other forms of pollution that do not fit neatly into this broad classification, and to in practiced understand the effect of every pollutant would often require time-consuming research into various case studies. The interaction between different types of pollution often contributes to a complex effect acting on a larger scale, such as global warming, which is a phenomenon created by the interaction between the increased levels of various gases (known collectively as greenhouse gases). Pollution affects us on a global scale, but it can be reduced or remediated by efforts at the local and personal level.The easiest way to start bestow to the effort to reduce pollution is to minimize ones own pollution of the environment. It is this diffuse type of pollution which is much more difficult to catch and trace. Individual citizens not disposing of their wastes proper ly, or households with misconnected drains, all have a small effect on pollution levels, and collectively this adds up to a large increase in pollution if unchecked or unreported. This is the pollution whose source is often unnoticed, and it is up to each individual to eliminate himself or herself as a source of this anonymous, unaccountable pollution.Many nonprofit organizations and agencies concerned with the eudaimonia of our environment are engaged in activities to counter pollution and its effects. Participating in local community clean-up events can help to not only reduce the level of pollution in a community, but also heightens the awareness of people regarding pollution issues, especially if the organizers have invited an environmental expert to deliver a talk about problems relevant to the community. Recycling gadgets instead of throwing them away is a solution that helps both the consumers and the manufacturing industries.Sony Electronics, Inc. has a recycling program th at accepts old or non-working Sony branded products free of charge, and even products of other companies for a small fee (On a higher level, government environmental agencies monitor the major point sources of pollution such as wastes disposed by large factories and industrial companies. With pollutions far-reaching consequences, nations must help each other to remediate the worst polluted areas. An estimated 1 billion people are affected by pollution issues, and a majority of those people are in the developing world, where a general lack of awareness and local regulation of pollution has reduced the overall life expectancy and quality of life (Hanrahan et al., 2).With minimal financial investment, a number of remediation measures can be carried out in some of the worst polluted areas in the developing world. These measures will help save lives, particularly of children, at an estimated cost of only one to fifty US dollars per person each year. However, implementing such measures of ten takes a back seat to the basic needs of education and primary health services that local governments often must prioritize (Hanrahan et al., 2-4). This is why it is important to have international intervention and cooperation, not apathy and the selfish attitude summed up by its someone elses problem, let them take care of it.In transaction with pollution it is important to keep in mind that many of the sources contributing to pollution are industries upon which modern society is dependent. dig and agriculture are two examples of ancient activities that have helped men to develop their civilizations. Mining enabled us to build better shelters and construct the tools and implements that we use in everyday tasks.Agriculture and the potential to gillyflower surplus food has taken us from the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers and brought humans together in the first settlements, which eventually grew into cities and states. Pollution is a byproduct of these activities, and the effort to reduce or prevent pollution is not severe to destroy major industries or cease the production and development of new technology. It is an effort to make the producers and consumers obligated for the regulation of wastes created by these activities, and their proper management and disposal.We live in an age of awareness, and thanks to our awakening and inert realization of how we affect the world around us, todays environmental crisis has increasingly become a fact of life in the modern world. Modern governments should no longer be intent on debating the validity of environmental concerns, but focused on finding and implementing solutions. The root of these problems human degradation of the environment and exploitation of its resources has been at work ever since the dawn of the civilized age.The environmental crisis of the present, on both the global and local levels, is not a burden that we have borne for only a few generations it is a result of centuries, even millennia, of human exploitation of available resources without the guidance of modern environmental science, accelerated by the industrialization brought about by developing technology, and abetted by attitudes and sensibilities that have developed in ignorance of how we impact our surroundings.The inertia of these out-of-date attitudes and accelerating industrial processes is huge and cannot be so easily stopped it may take decades to realize the full extent of the damage we have done to the environment in every aspect, and perhaps longer to double back the trend. But for many of us, the fundamental error in thinking has, at least, been corrected. Environmental problems elsewhere in the world are no longer just someone elses concern. With modern globalization, what we do in our part of the world affects everyone else, and if we continue to act and think with that in mind, the environmental problems facing all of society will be managed by society as a whole.Works CitedA slow-moving oil sp ill. Ed. John Dodge. 01 December 2007. The Olympian. 04 December 2007 Akbar, S. et al. World Health Organization. Air Quality Guidelines Global Update 2005. Germany Druckpartner Moser, 2005.Boudouresque CF, Verlaque M. Biological pollution in the Mediterranean Sea invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002 January 44(1)32-8.Buell, Frederick. From Apocalypse to Way of lifespan Four Decades of Environmental Crisis in the U.S. New York Routledge, 2003.Diamond, Jared. Collapse. New York Penguin Books, 2005.Environment Agency, 2003. The Water Framework Directive not only a question of quality. 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International Journal of Cancer 2007 July 121(2)386-94. link Between Climate Change and Biological Pollution could Harm Northwest. Ed. Derek Reiber. 02 July 2001. Sightline Institute. 02 December 2007 Noise Pollution Control. 2007. Maryland Department of the Environment. 05 December 2007 Path Programs Multimedia Programs Noise Pollution Control.Pollution and its effect to the environment Interview with Ricky Clancy of Sony Electronics Blog. 27 September 2007. 05 December 2007. Risk/Benefit of Medical Radiation Exposures. Ed. Kelly Classic. 04 December 2007. Health natural philosophy Society. 04 December 2007 Path HPS Publications Articles.Thermal Pollution. Ed. Silvia Lourenco and Rute Neves. 05 December 1996. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. 04 December 2007 United States Environmental vindication Agency. Noise A Health Problem. Washington, 1978